Coal India Limited (CIL) is making headlines for its innovative solution to the sand shortage problem. The company is using crushed rock fines (crusher dust), sand from Overburden (OB) of coal mines and soil removed during opencast coal mining, to produce Manufactured Sand (MSand). This not only repurposes waste materials but also reduces the ...
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Commercial mining allows the private sector to mine coal commercially without placing any enduse restrictions. The private firms have the option of either gasification of the coal or exporting it. They can also use it in their own enduse plants or sell them in the markets. The government expects more than Rs 33,000 crore of capital ...
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The eligibility criteria has been done away with, and no coal mining experience is required to take part in the auction process. Simplified the process of the mining plan approval process from 90 days to 30 days. Other relevant measures include Promoting coal gasification through rebate in revenue share, and; An investment of ₹50,000 crore to ...
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That process would also require onethird less water, making it more economical. ... UPSC Civil Services Examination, Previous Year Questions (PYQs): ... Coalbed methane is the pure methane gas extracted from coal seams, while shale gas is a mixture of propane and butane only that can be extracted from finegrained sedimentary rocks. In India ...
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'Rathole' mining was used to extract coal from narrow and deep mines in Meghalaya. In January 2019, some 15 miners lost their lives when they were trapped for more than a month in one such mine.
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Area of Focus. Key Objectives. Coal Analytics. Achieve the coal production target of 1012 MT for FY 202324. Increase coal production and efficiency. Formulate a coking coal strategy to enhance coking coal availability in the country. Improve the quality of coal. Private Investment. Achieve CAPEX target of Rs 21030 Crores for FY 202324.
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History of Coal Mining in India. India has a long history of commercial coal mining covering nearly 220 years starting from 1774 by M/s Sumner and Heatly of East India Company in the Raniganj Coalfield along the Western bank of river Damodar.; However, for about a century the growth of Indian coal mining remained sluggish for want of demand but the introduction of steam locomotives in 1853 ...
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Openpit mining is commonly used to extract metallic ores like aluminum, bauxite, copper, gold, copper, and iron as well as nonmetallic ores like coal, uranium, and phosphate. Openpit mining is ...
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Sustainable Mining. This article is based on "Mining in India equals selling the family gold" which was published in The Hindu on 19/01/2021. It talks about the issues related to the present state of mining practices and the need to adopt sustainable mining. India's National Mineral Policy 2019 states that "natural resources, including ...
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Coal gasification is a process that converts coal and water into a gas known as syngas. This gas is a combination of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapour (H2O). In the past, coal gas, also known as "town gas", was made by gasifying coal and was used for heating and lighting in cities before ...
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Mar 20, 2023. According to the sand mining framework, India requires 70 million tonnes of sand per year, with demand increasing by 7% each year. Sand mining is the process of removing sand and gravel from the ground. In India, sand mining is largely related to construction activities. Sand is becoming a highvalue commodity as a result of this ...
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It is an unconventional form of natural gas found in coal deposits or coal seams. CMB is formed during the process of coalification, the transformation of plant material into coal. ... Methane is a greenhouse gas emitted through CBM extraction. ... revolutionised and simplified the way aspirants prepare for UPSC Civil Services Exam. Today it ...
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Context of Rat Hole Mining. On 13 December, 2018, at least 15 workers were trapped in a 320350 feetdeep coal mine in the East Jaintia Hills district of Meghalaya after it was flooded by waters of the nearby Lytein river. Rescue operations led by the National Disaster Response Force and the Indian Navy was on the scene to locate the trapped ...
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Narrow, Horizontal Seams: Rathole mining involves extracting coal from thin, horizontal seams, which are prevalent in Meghalaya. These seams are often less than 2 meters in thickness. Primitive Extraction Techniques: Miners typically create narrow pits (referred to as "rat holes") into the ground, allowing only one person at a time to descend ...
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In the process of coal mining, prevention and control of water hazard is essential. It is the precondition for water hazard control to detect and determine the distribution of underground waterconducting channels. In urban environments, traditional methods such as active source seismic exploration and transient electromagnetic exploration commonly used in the field are difficult to carry out ...
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The world's largest coal mining company, Coal India Limited (CIL), provides about 85% of India's domestic coal production. Orissa is the secondlargest state in terms of coal reserves, but it is also the thirdlargest coal producer, accounting for just over 15% of the country's total coal production. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.
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In this article, You will read Mineral Resources in India (Iron Ore Distribution in India) for UPSC IAS.. Mineral Resources. A mineral is a naturally occurring substance, representable by a chemical formula, that is usually solid and inorganic, and has a crystal structure.. More than two thousand minerals have been identified and most of these are inorganic, which are formed by the various ...
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Industrial processing of coal yields useful products like Coke, coal tar, and Coal gas. Coke: Coke is a rigid, porous, and black substance. It is the purest form of carbon. Coke is used in the manufacturing of steel and the extraction of metals. Coal Tar . Coal tar is a black and thick liquid with an unpleasant smell.
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Energy security in India revolves around coal sector, which has dominant use in three core sectors power, steel, cement. Coal Industry itself too is part of core sector. Apart from this there is inconsistent demand from small scale industry involved in brick manufacturing or ceramics. There is increased impetus on moving away from coal ...
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The presence of this gas is well known from its occurrence in underground coal mining, ... Extracting unconventional gas is a capital intensive process and at the present levels of gas prices, the companies cannot recover their investments. ... The validity of the Current Affairs for UPSC 2024 is from July 2023 to December 2024 (18 months).
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In the light of recent developments in coal sector and its importance to the Indian economy, examine why coal is called as black gold in India. (200 Words) Coal is more than a fossil fuel, it generates electricity in easiest and traditional way. Thermal power plant constitute 59% of India's power production, Also many PSUs, . Coal Industry UPSC GS1 Read More »
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The term 'clean coal' is increasingly being used for supercritical coalfired plants without CCS, on the basis that CO 2 emissions are less than for older plants, but are still much greater than for nuclear or renewables. Some 26% of primary energy needs are met by coal and 37% of electricity is generated from coal, compared with 23% for ...
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Cobalt is a strategic and critical mineral whose demand is expected to grow rapidly. This study aims to provide a comprehensive summary of cobalt extraction and recovery research from 2012 to 2021 in the form of bibliometric analysis. The work was based on the Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science) and carried out using the InCites of Clarivate for bibliometric data analysis and the ...
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The mining sector's GDP contribution only swings between % and %, but based on the GDP of the entire industrial sector, it ranges from 10% to 11%. Even smallscale mining adds 6% to the overall cost of mineral production. About 700,000 people have employment chances in the mining sector in India. Also read: Coal Mining in India
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India imports around 240 million tonnes (mt) of coal a year valued at about ₹ lakh crore. The 41 mines opened for auction now can hit a peak production of 225 mt in 202526, saving foreign exchange. A High Powered Expert Committee (2017) recommended a shift from the allocation of coal blocks for own consumption to commercial mining.
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3. Coal Mining is the term that encompasses the physical extraction or removal of coal from the Earth's Surface. When coal is used as fuel in power generation, it is referred to as Steaming or Thermal coal while those which are used to create coke for steel manufacturing is referred to as Coking or Metallurgical Coal. Coal can be mined by both Surface and Underground Mining methods. Surface ...
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Way Forward. There is a need to speed up the clearance process in order to make the best use of mineral resources.; To prevent minerelated accidents, strict enforcement of miningrelated rules is required, particularly the prohibition on RatHole and unscientific mining. Block allocations should be transparent, and a rulebased order should be established.
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India is highly dependent on coal for electricity generation. Nearly 60% of total electricity generated in India is from coal and it is the main source of the nation's greenhouse gas emissions. Nonfossil sources accounts for about 40%. The electricity generation from coalbased power plants in 202223 saw an increase of % over the previous ...
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According to Global Energy Monitor (GEM) Report, India's Coal Mines are severely underutilized amid push for new ones. GEM is a firm that tracks fuelsource utilization globally. It studies the evolving international energy landscape, creating databases, reports, and interactive tools that enhance understanding.
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Shale gas and oil are unconventional natural resources.. They are found at 2,5005,000 metres below the earth's surface. They are deeper in comparison to conventional crude oil found at 1,500 metres.. The process of extracting shale oil and gas requires deep vertical drilling followed by horizontal drilling. The most common way to extract shale gas is 'hydraulic fracturing' (fracking ...
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Coal bed methane (CBM) is a form of natural gas which can be recovered from coal deposits or coal seams (a coal deposit is a geographical location containing mineable accumulations of coal while a coal seam is entrapment of coal in underlying rock). The gas is formed during the natural conversion of plant material into coal, known as coalification.
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Coal and lignite fired thermal power plants account for about 54 per cent of India's installed power generation capacity but currently account for about 70 per cent of power generated in the country. Importance of Coal to India: Coal is the most important and abundant fossil fuel in India. It accounts for 55% of the country's energy needs ...
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The 2015 Bill primarily seeks to allocate the coal mines that were declared illegal by the Supreme Court. It provides details for the auction process, compensation for the prior allottees, the process for transfer of mines and details of authorities that would conduct the auction. In December 2014, the ministry notified the Coal Mines (Special ...
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The method can be used to extract resources that would otherwise be too expensive to extract. It also provides a viable alternative to traditional coal mining techniques. UCG has a lower environmental and social impact than conventional coal mining with gasification, yet environmental issues exist, including the possibility for aquifer pollution.
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Coal, petroleum, natural gas, and nuclear energy all use finite raw materials as their primary energy source. Only renewable energy sources like sun, wind, hydro geothermal, and biomass are considered sustainable energy sources. These energy sources are more environmentally responsible and evenly dispersed.
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A material supplier from Belgium would like to produce limestone powder for his custome...
India is rich in various mineral resources and it is an important mineral processing market
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