the powder factor, ... Dragline is an HEMM used in coal mining for removal of overburden and dumping it into decoaled area. Failure of dragline contributed to total downtime of 4955 h in 28month ...
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The overburden/ top soil as encountered in the boreholes drilled, mainly composed of black cotton soil/ marly sediments along with sand and rolled fragments of basalt. ... (through higher powder factors). The mechanistic models, on the other hand, track the physics of detonation and energy transfer for specific blast designs (Bruno, 2016 ...
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Overburden Stripping Overburden powder factor (kg/m3) 0,46 0,50 0,53 0,59 ratio thickness (BCWROM ton) 2,19 2,45 (m) 33 10,4 70 45 1. Coal seams dipping on average 420. 2. Number of individually blasted benches within overburden. The Queensland and NSW coal mines appear to have the most difficult mining conditions
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Panel A coal mining block that generally comprises one operating unit. Panic bar A switch, in the shape of a bar, used to cut off power at the machine in case of an emergency. Parting (1) A small joint in coal or rock; (2) a layer of rock in a coal seam; (3) a side track or turnout in a haulage road.
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Overburden removal is a major activity of surface coal mining and accounts for over 6070% of the costs. Cast blasting is integral to overburden removal using draglines.
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A term typically used in coal mining to refer to a separate process of overburden removal, prior to the main pass of the dragline or stripping fleet. Production Blasting. The type of blasting most commonly used in a mine, as distinct from development, trim, presplit, ramp or other special blasts. Powder Factor
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Today we are going to talk about what role powder factor plays in our daytoday applications of drilling and blasting. Powder factor is expressed in many different forms. Essentially it is a measurement of explosives per quantity of rock. The typical variation of this that we use on a daily basis is how many pounds of explosives per cubic yard ...
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Powder factor: Mass of explosives used per BCM rock blasted. Softs: Material that can be free dig or can be remove by mechanical means without the use of chemical energy. Hards: Material that requires chemical energy to break in order for it to be ... The costeffectiveness of removing overburden from the underlying coal seams ("overburden ...
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Abstract Drill and blast is the excavation method adopted to remove overburden material at the open pit coal mine of PT Buma Job Site Lati. Recently, the company applied deep hole drilling for blasting with double rods to reach the depth of 1018 m. ... Correlation of powder factors used for overburden preparation with physical properties of ...
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Earlier studies also reported that 4 m 3 of overburden is generated per tonne of coal in open cast mining, and the expected amount of 250 Mt of coal will result in 1000 m 3 overburden. For this amount of mined coal, it is reported that, per year, 60 km 2 of land is degraded in mining activity, and about 75 km 2 is used for dumping external rock ...
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• Trench depths of 12' to 20': powder factor = • Trench depths over 20': powder factor = Notes: 1 Trench depth does not include subdrilling; hole depth does. 2 In trenches where the overburden is not removed, the overburden is included in the cubic yard calculations.
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The results showed that the optimum hole spacing was no more than m and the powder factor was no more than kg/m 3, and it proved that an effective casting percentage (ECP) of 34% could be realized. 1. Introduction Blastcasting practice in opencast coal mines is characterised by large blast hole diameter and large charges.
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This paper presents an investigation on the interactions of overburden failure zones induced by the mining of adjacent coal seams using the longwall caving method. Overburden failure is an important factor in safety assessments in the fields of mining engineering geology and safety geology, especially when mining under water bodies. In this study, the influence of the thickness and properties ...
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article{osti_, title = {AMAX draglines dig more overburden with blast casting}, author = {Chironis, N P}, abstractNote = {Two of AMAX Coal Co.'s bestknown surface mines in the Midwest are blast casting to improve dragline productivity even though neither mine has pit conditions that are ideal for casting. The Delta mine at Harrisburg, Ill., and the Chinook mine at Brizil, Ind., are ...
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Please give me a detailed explanation answer. An overburden of shale will be removed using 200mm holes and 12m benches. Dry rock conditions are anticipated, and the decision is to use bulk ANFO with emulsion cartridges as a primer. The density of compacted ANFO is g/cm3, and the PF (powder factor) is expected to be not less than kg/m3.
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blasting process measures like the powder factor, the charge length, the amount of explosives used per charge (blast) will be considered and the overburden fragment size will be determined to improve productivity and cost. ... overburden removal. Coal mining processes (in sequence) Top soil removal
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Higher powder factor causes oversize and lower powder factor results in crushed rock. Mean fragment size was plotted against the powder factor for 91 blasts of coal overlying overburden benches, as presented in Fig. 22. The general trend shows that, with increase in powder factor, the mean fragment size decreases.
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holes may be loaded. Threedimensional drillandblast software can pro. vide the designer with tools to interactively categorize. the blastholes that control how the holes are charged and ...
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In this light the present study was conducted in opencast coal mines to see the effect of Schmidt hammer rebound number or transformed compressive strength of rocks on powder factor. The correlation was found sufficiently reliable to enable the determination of optimum powder factor for surface bench blast in different rock types maintaining ...
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Powder factors Typical powder factors Rules of thumb used in mass blasts Rock type 3PF (kg/m) Hard Medium Soft Very Soft Typical powder factors used in presplit and smooth blasting Hole diameter PF (kg/m2) Hard
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A material supplier from Belgium would like to produce limestone powder for his custome...
India is rich in various mineral resources and it is an important mineral processing market
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