interlayer compounds are introduced in the interplanar spacing of coke during the calcination process. The study of additives used to modify raw materials of the production process of developed mesophase and further needle coke production allows us to conclude that the most promising modifiers are organic compounds, namely polymers and ...
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The method of achieving more efficient use of engine fuels and increasing their octane number by means of organic fuel additives is widely known [].For example, methyltertbutyl ether (the amount of which produced in Russia alone is around 1 million t a year) is used as an additive to achieving more efficient use of diesel fuel, OFAs on the basis of alcohols and light ethers with ...
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Pitch as a matrix precursor usually requires a modification of the raw pitch to have a high coke yield while maintaining good fluidity. Several methods have been used to modify petroleum or coaltar pitch (CTP): the treatment of pitch with sulfur as an additive [1], [7], mild oxidation by air blowing [8], [9], [10], and nitrogen blowing [11].
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Figure 1. Grease manufacturing is an art that continues to evolve as enduser needs develop and the market refines its requirements. Courtesy of STLE. In addition, Evan Zabawski, senior technical advisor at TestOil, headquartered in Strongsville, Ohio, noted that rheology is the science of deformation and flow of materials.
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generically in the VM literature to indicate an increase in viscosity through the collec tive action of multiple polymers [1, 14, 15, 28, 53, 73, 74]. Polymers that act via this
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The researchers believe that the use of saltbased additives when burning coal could help improve fuel efficiency in energy production, minimize energy use for preheating power generating ...
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Introducing additives to concrete manufacturing processes could reduce the sizeable carbon footprint of the material without altering its bulk mechanical properties, ... While the energy required for this heating process could eventually be substituted with electricity generated from renewable solar or wind sources, the other half of the ...
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Adding additive to the coal is an option and has grabbed the attention of many researchers for developing an additive. These additives for coal can effectively improve the combustion performance of the coal. This review paper contributes information about the impact of additives on coal combustion properties, coal calorific value, binder for ...
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When mixed with water, many drilling fluid additives are designed to function within a pH range of to 10. This allows the additives to become soluble and disperse and in effect, function. The pH can be adjusted to the proper level by adding specific additives to the water. Two of these additives include caustic soda and potassium hydroxide.
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Coal additives have a function to improve the calorific value of coal and improve combustion efficiency. Some pulverized coal samples were prepared based on ASTM D2013/D2013M18, then mixed with coal additives until homogeneous. The lab instruments are the bomb calorimeter and the proximate analysis.
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gas fat lean coal (GZhO), sinter lowcaking lowmetamorphized coal (KSN), sinter lowcaking coal (KS), long flame coal (DG), lean caking coal (TS), and lowcaking coal (SS) that are second to coking coals in quality and degrade the charge, which finally affects the coke,16 In general, the Gray−King coke method is used for the
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This article describes how to increase the assigned CPU cycles of a virtual machine. Increasing the amount of CPU cycles assigned to a virtual machine may be required if its CPU requirements have changed since the time of the virtual machine creation. The article also addresses slow operating system performance caused by insufficient CPU cycles.
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PURPOSE: Pulverized coal comburent is provided to increase the fluidity of melting materials by increasing the temperature of a reactorcore in order to lower the viscosity of the melting materials. CONSTITUTION: Pulverized coal comburent includes 20 to 50% of converter slag, 10~15% of a peroxide, 20~30% of substituted hydroxyl aromatic ester derivative, and 3~12% of surfactant. The converter ...
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YES the boiling point of gasoline can be raised (or lowered) by an additive depending on what it is as can the autoignition temperature which will increase "knock" using the right additive for the fuel you just bought and put in your tank is the trick and it is always going to be hit and miss depending on what refinery produced the ...
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Petroleum coke, which is a potential replacement for coking coals in the production of metallurgical coke, has received the name of a petroleum coking additive in Russia and the CIS countries.
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The additives reduce the ignition temperature and the temperature corresponding to the maximum combustion rate of pulverized coal; simultaneously, they increase the heat released during pulverized ...
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Ignition temperature of coal and other dust is not affected by particle size. A big difference is made by the way coal dust comes in contact with a heat source. Thus, layered powder of coal can ignite at a much lower temperature (160°C approx.), whereas a cloud of coal dust will need 450650°C to ignite. Table shows some relevant data [5].
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The researchers believe that the use of saltbased additives for increasing the efficiency of coalburning could help improve fuel efficiency in energy production, minimize energy use for ...
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Fixed carbon is an important constituent of coal necessary for stable combustion process. From Figs. 4ae, it can be observed that except coal A, with increase in fixed carbon content combustion performance initially improves and later stabilizes. For coal J and D, with increase in fixed carbon content from 22% to 34%, performance improves.
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Coke chemical companies often have a deficit of coals of particularly valuable grades, the coking coals. This work studies the opportunity of producing petroleum coking additives using delayed coking during heavy petroleum residue processing. Experiments for the production of a carbon material were conducted using three kinds of heavy petroleum residues of the oil refinery plant Ltd Kinef: the ...
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Introduction Power industry and district heating in Poland are mostly based on bituminous coal [1]. At present, several power units with the power of 1000 MW e are brought in exploitation. They fulfill all current emission standards and their efficiency reaches the level of 9294% [2].
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Organic fuel additives OmstarDX1 and Open Flame are mixtures of light ethers. The use of OmstarDX1 and Open Flame additives with a concentration of up to 5 cm 3 /kg of coal leads to a somewhat ...
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The same high volatile bituminous coal carbonized by Chandra at 325°C at 6000 atm (not included in Fig. 16) showed an increase of bireflectance to Apart from the experiment at 850°C by Hryckowian and coworkers, in which bireflectance falls with rising pressure, there is a general trend of rising bireflectance with increasing pressure ...
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Coal combustion Ash Physical separation Leaching Wastes 1. Introduction Annual production of V is estimated to be around t ( Bielowicz, 2020, Chinach, 2020 ); the largest producers are China, South Africa and Russia ( Bielowicz, 2020 ). V is widely used in industrial applications.
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operating costs and, at the same time, increase productivity. One way to achieve this is through the injection of pulverised coal directly into the BF. Pulverised coal injection (PCI) provides important economic and operational benefits. These include: lower consumption of expensive coking coals. Replacing
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A material supplier from Belgium would like to produce limestone powder for his custome...
India is rich in various mineral resources and it is an important mineral processing market
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